Authors: Fall Ndiouga, Sow Djiby, Fulgence A Faye, Fall Alioune B, Saou Houleye, Mbaye Pape A, Tall Hady, Ndiaye Ciré.
Introduction: Graves' disease (BD) is a dysimmune disorder. It is the most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism and can have a considerable impact on patients' quality of life. The aim was to study the frequency of BD and associated factors in the ENT department of Louga Hospital.
Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from June 20, 2019 to June 20, 2021. It focused on hospitalized patients with basedow disease. Epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary data were evaluated.
Results: Forty (40) cases of Graves' disease (8.52%) were collected. The mean age was 32 years, with extremes of 18 and 60 years. Females predominated (39 cases), with a sex ratio of M/F 0.26. The duration of the disease ranged from 1 month to 2 years, with an average of 19 months. All our patients presented with diffuse goiter and signs of thyrotoxicosis. Serum TSH levels decreased in 39 cases. Ultrasound scans performed in 100% of cases showed a homogeneous diffuse goiter, 87.5% of which was hypervascularized. Total thyroidectomy in all our patients (100%). The average hospital stay was (2.25) days (extremes: 2 and 4 days). Postoperative management was straightforward in all patients. No deaths were reported. Two cases of intermittent dysphonia were recorded. Histology was compatible with BASEDOW disease in 38 cases; the remaining 2 cases showed atypical nodules.
Conclusion: MB remains the main etiology of hyperthyroidism. Certain signs are almost constant, such as cardiovascular signs and goiter. Despite the effectiveness of medical treatments and radioactive iodine, surgery is playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of MB.
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