Authors: Tchamdja Toyi, Djalogue Lihanimpo, Akakpo Komlan, Kodjo Kossi, Tovignikou Sosso, Mossi Komi Edem, M’bortché B Kodjo, Balaka Abago.
Objective: To describe the management of acute metabolic complications of diabetes in the multipurpose resuscitation services and the intensive care unit of internal medicine at the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital in Lomé, Togo.
Methods and Patients: Retrospective descriptive study carried out from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020 (04 years) in the multipurpose resuscitation services and the intensive care unit of internal medicine of the CHUSylvanus Olympio of Lomé. Included in the study were any diabetic patient of any sex and age greater than or equal to 18 years who had an acute complication of sugar diabetes during the study period.
Results: The frequency of acute metabolic complications of diabetes was 2.94%. The mean age of patients was 52 years (range 19-89 years). There was a female predominance with a sex ratio of 0.51. Type II diabetes was found in 86.23% of patients. The main cardiovascular risk factors were high blood pressure (34.04%) and family history of diabetes (24.63%). The most common reasons for admission were impaired consciousness (94.20%), impaired general condition (77.53%), and respiratory difficulties (39.13%). The acute metabolic complications identified were: diabetic ketoacidosis (72.46%), hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome (18.84%), hypoglycemia (7.98%) and lactic acidosis (0.72%). The lethality rate remained high at 34.78%. It was higher in cases of hypoglycemic coma (54.5%) followed by hyperosmolar coma (30.80%).
Conclusion: Acute complications of diabetes are relatively frequent in the multipurpose resuscitation services and the intensive care unit of internal medicine in Lomé. They are sources of death, hence the interest in pre- vention.