Authors: Jorge Fonseca Miguel.
Light is a vital environmental factor, serving not only as the primary driving force behind photosynthesis but also triggering and modulating intricate developmental and physiological processes essential for plant growth and development. It regulates various aspects of plant biology, including adaptive responses, developmental transitions, and cellular-level processes, and serves as the primary cue for the entrainment of circadian rhythms. Light also plays a fundamental role in in vitro plant regeneration, influencing cellular processes such as differentiation and morphogenesis, driving overall growth and development, and determining regeneration efficiency and success. Optimizing specific light conditions is critical for enhancing regeneration systems and their biotechnological applications, including pathogen elimination, germplasm conservation, large-scale micropropagation, genome editing, and genetic transformation. This review examines the impact of light on two key processes of in vitro plant regeneration: somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis. Furthermore, it addresses the effects of dark preincubation on regeneration outcomes and explores the underlying mechanisms driving light responses.
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