Authors: Rabaah ALadawya Mohammed Salih Elbasheri Gadkreem, Mohamed Mahgoub Hassan Khalifa, Balgis Elhag Ibrahim Tager, Faris Mergheni Elmahadi, Ahmed AbdallaAgabEldour, Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed.
Background: The potential involvement of viruses in lymphoma development remains uncertain. This study investigates the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of lymphoma among Sudanese patients.
Materials and Methods: This study examined 55 blocks of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue previously diagnosed as lymphoma. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to detect Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and cytomegalovirus. Data were collected from El-Obeid histopathology laboratories from January 2023 to July 2024.
Results: Of the 55 FFPE blocks examined, 36 (65.4%) belonged to men. Most participants (43.6%) were between 40 and 60 years old. EBV is the most common virus in lymphoma patients, accounting for 18% (10/55), with the majority being Hodgkin (4/5) 80% and non-Hodgkin (6/50) 12%. HIV positivity in lymphoma is 16.3% (9/55), while CMV positivity is 5.5% (3/55), both of which are only identified in non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Conclusion: These findings suggest a strong relationship between EBV, HIV, and CMV and lymphoma, with CMV appearing to have a smaller impact. We need further research with a larger sample size to determine how these viruses contribute to lymphoma development.
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