Authors: Kangakolo Bintilumami, Shombo Djoma A, Tambwe Ndumb H, Ndayi Banza Kalumba Francine, Mwamba Ngoie Belinda, Bapu Sapu Rebecca, Kongolo Tambwe D, Chenge Borasisi G, Ngoie Maloba V.
Introduction: Ametropia is a major public health problem due to its impact on children's learning and social development. Early detection and appropriate management can prevent visual and functional complications. This study aims to determine the frequency, epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and management of ametropia in children aged 3 to 18 years at the Sainte Yvonne Eye Clinic.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted over a six-month period, including all patients aged 3 to 18 years with ametropia. Data were collected from medical records and ophthalmological examinations and analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: Of 2,500 patients, 1,300 were children, of whom 186 had ametropia, giving a hospital frequency of 14.3%. The mean age was 11.4 years, with a predominance in the 11-15 age group (37.6%) and a predominance of girls (64.5%). Myopia was the most common (47.1%), followed by astigmatism (31.2%) and hyperopia (22.0%). Decreased visual acuity (94.1%) was the main symptom. The majority of patients had optical correction, with 69.9% having spherical lenses and 29.6% having cylindrical lenses.
Conclusion: This study highlights a significant frequency of pediatric ametropia, with a high proportion of myopia. The predominance among school-aged children underscores the importance of early screening and parental awareness. Strengthening awareness and screening campaigns and improving access to optical care are essential to limit visual complications and ensure better academic and social development for children.
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